推荐使用CentOS/RHEL系统及下载（添加国内镜像源） 本文来自: IT运维专家网 作者: NetSeek 日期: 2008-5-31 02:15 阅读: 3270 人 打印 收藏 centos, 下载

CentOS是Linux的一个发行版。

特点：
＝＝＝
1、可以把CentOS理解为Red Hat AS系列！它完全就是对Red Hat AS进行改进后发布的！各种操作、使用和RED HAT没有区别！

2、CentOS完全免费，不存在RED HAT AS4需要序列号的问题。

3、CentOS独有的yum命令支持在线升级，可以即时更新系统，不像RED HAT那样需要花钱购买支持服务！

4、CentOS修正了许多RED HAT AS的BUG！

呵呵，保留了RED HAT AS的优势，去掉了RED HAT AS 的限制，为什么不用CentOS呢？  

附：
1、CentOS版本说明：
CentOS3.1 等同于 RED HAT AS3 Update1
CentOS3.4 等同于 RED HAT AS3 Update4
CentOS4.0 等同于 RED HAT AS4
.....................
2、CentOS 主页
http://www.centos.org

3、CentOS5.3 ISO文件下载:
http://mirror.yandex.ru/centos/5.3/isos/i386/


三方软件包扩展站：
http://rpmforge.net
http://dag.wieers.com/rpm
http://rpm.livna.org
http://freshrpms.net
http://atrpms.net

一、ＣentOS国内镜像源下载
----添加源:

[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#packages in testing
[testing]
name=CentOS-5 - Testing
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/testing/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5


添加辅助源请参照如下：
http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/FAQ.php#B

二、CentOS 下使用本地镜像源
如果你已经下载了centos的DVD或者多CD版本，那好办，解压i386目录到本地的目录，比如/pkgstore/CentOS而CentOS已经在/etc/yum.repos.d下面创建了CentOS-Media.repo，对该文件做适应修改就可以使用。以下是修改结果

    [root@localhost etc]# cat yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
    # CentOS-Media.repo
    #
    # This repo is used to mount the default locations for a CDROM / DVD on
    # CentOS-5. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
    # DVD ISO that we release.
    #
    # To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos to
    # yum –enablerepo=c4-media [command]
    #
    # or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
    #
    # yum –disablerepo=\* –enablerepo=c4-media [command]

    [c5-media]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
    baseurl=file:///pkgstore/CentOS
    # file:///media/cdrom/
    # file:///media/cdrecorder/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-beta

现在就可以使用yum check-update来测验一下本地源了。如果在没有连接网络情况，最好把yum.repos.d目录下面的其它repo文件适当更名，这样yum就只使用本地源，速度得以提升。

作者:vincent
来源:http://vincent-nan.blogbus.com/logs/36877812.html
CentOS 5.x Installing RPMforge
原文地址:
http://wiki.centos.org/AdditionalResources/Repositories/RPMForge

1.安装 yum-priorities

yum install yum-priorities

2.priorities的配置文件是/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf，确认其是否存在。
其内容为:
[main]
enabled=1  # 0禁用 1启用

3.编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的*.repo 文件来设置优先级。

参数为：

priority=N  # N的值为1-99

推荐的设置为：
[base], [addons], [updates], [extras] ... priority=1
[centosplus],[contrib] ... priority=2
Third Party Repos such as rpmforge ... priority=N  (where N is > 10 and based on your preference)

4.安装RPMforge
下载rpmforge-release
#i386
wget http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i ... 6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
#x86_64
wget http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/x ... 1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

导入GPG key

rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

确认rpmforge-release的完整性
rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.*.rpm
会输出：
rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm: (sha1) dsa sha1 md5 gpg OK


安装rpmforge

rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.*.rpm

测试rpmforge

yum check-update
会输出：
Loading "priorities" plugin
...
76 packages excluded due to repository priority protections

修改/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo
添加
priority=3

之后就可以使用rpmforge安装各种应用程序了
例如：
yum install mplayer

一、使用更新源的国内镜像
CentOS 安装完毕，首先应该修改更新源，并升级到最新的系统。

国内速度较快的常用更新源：

http://mirror.be10.com/centos/
http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/
http://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/mirrors/centos.org/centos/

首先备份CentOS-Base.repo，然后再编辑 yum 的配置文件

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

其中：

repositoryid:用于指定一个仓库

name：用于指定易读的仓库名称

baseurl：用于指定本仓库的URL，可以是以下的3种类型，如http,ftp,file

mirrorlist：用于指定仓库的镜像站点

enable：用于指定是否使用本仓库，默认值为1，即可用。

gpgcheck：用于指定是否检查软件包的GPG签名。

gpgkey：用于指定GPG签名文件的URL。

执行命令：

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*

二、使用非官方更新源

下面以安装rpmforge和DAG软件包为例添加非官方更新源

I、添加rmpforge软件库

1）到http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rpmforge-release/查找适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。

2）下载适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packag ... 6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-*

安装rpmforge-release软件包之后，就可以看到/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件，以后yum就可以使用这个更新源了。

II、添加DAG更新仓库。

1)在/etc/yum.repos.d/下建立dag.repo

2)编辑dag.repo

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo

[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/dag
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

保存退出。

然后导入Key,

[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

添加DAG可能会有点问题，这要看所在网速如何？

三、使用如下命令更新到最新系统

# yum upgrade

四、安装必要的软件工具

# yum install wget bzip2 unzip zip nmap tree lynx fileutils ncftp lftp

若您需要在本机编译源代码的软件，请安装开发工具组的软件包

# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

好东西，收藏了！

CentOS 5.3上海交大源

[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.3/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.3/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.3/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.3/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.3/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.3/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

RHEL下载地址： http://rhel.ieesee.net/uingei/RHEL5.2/

好东西，不能不收藏

......太好了，，，我的最爱，centOS

写得太好了！！
有几点请问一下！
例如
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
第二行开始的http 空行与不空行有关系吗？
yum的时候，他是从第一个站点开始找资料，如果找不到就跳到第二个站点这样是吗？

使用本地源的时候为什么不需要rpm –import ？他自动会在本机中搜索key 吗？

添加了非官方源之后，官方源用不了了，有什么方法可以官方和非官方一起用！？

谢谢！！！

1. 顶一下！！！ 不过，不知道为什么现在的国内ceonOS 镜像打不开

复制代码

拜谢，收藏

RHEL5建立自己的源
为了解决软件包的依赖问题，红帽系列发行版最好的方式是利用yum，但用红帽子的yum源安装软件有诸多限制，弃之，还有两种方法，一个是用centos对应版本的yum源，不过centos一般都是慢rhel半拍才出来，第二是自己用rhel安装光盘文件里的文件构建yum源，这里以http方式（还可以本地光盘方式，本地文件方式），本文记录简要过程，仅供参考。
      
    1.挂载安装光盘到系统

1. mount /dev/cdrom /media/

复制代码

2.复制文件到web服务器rhel5目录下

1. cp -fr /media/* /var/www/htm/rhel5

复制代码

3.重建记录分组文件
  首先，确认系统已经安装createrepo包。

1. cd /var/www/htm/rhel5/Server
   
2. rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm

复制代码

然后重建rpm记录分组文件

1. createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/VT/repodata/comps-rhel5-vt.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/VT
   
2. 
   
3. createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/Cluster/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/Cluster
   
4. 
   
5. createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/ClusterStorage/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster-st.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/ClusterStorage
   
6. 
   
7. createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/Server

复制代码

4.在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下建立repo库文件 rhel5-http.repo
        (注：此文件名任意，文件后缀名必须是repo)
cd /etc/yum.repos.d

vi rhel5-http.repo
#我的机器IP是为192.168.171.3

[Cluster]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Cluster
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[ClusterStorage]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - ClusterStorage
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/ClusterStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[Server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Server
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[VT]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - VT
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

   5.清除本机yum缓存
yum clean all

    6.测试
yum -y install vim*

引用
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Package 2:vim-minimal-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386 already installed and latest version
Package 2:vim-common-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386 already installed and latest version
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-X11.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================
Package                    Arch                    Version                                  Repository                 Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
vim-X11                    i386                    2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z                     Server                    1.4 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install      1 Package(s)         
Update       0 Package(s)         
Remove       0 Package(s)         

Total download size: 1.4 M
Downloading Packages:
vim-X11-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386.rpm                                                                   | 1.4 MB     00:00     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Importing GPG key 0x37017186 "Red Hat, Inc. (release key) " from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : vim-X11                                           [1/1]

Installed: vim-X11.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
Complete!



  
7.分发rhel5-http.repo到其他机器以供使用。


--------------end----------------
作者：askwan@流年飘飘『AskWan』-万志华的网络家园
地址：http://www.askwan.com/post/157/
保留文章版权。转载时请勿必以链接形式注明作者和原始出处及本声明！

非常好，谢谢分享，学习啦~~

真的比redhat 好吗？